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 The Middle Ages - Discoveries, Science and Technology
 
1088
The first university is founded in Bologna, Italy, by its students. Universities in Paris and in Oxford, England, will follow and help spreading the scientific idea.
It will take centuries before the arts, including music, become part of the curriculum and research topics in those universities.

1100
Chemists in China invent gunpowder.

1455
Gutenberg begins the mass print of the Bible, satisfying the needs of the middle class for knowledge and education. This is not the first experiment in printing: the Chinese printed as early as the 8th century, but this was the first time a flexible, Find web info about Johannes Gutenberg and Printing Presssimple printing method was created, allowing books to be printed in huge numbers. Gutenberg's invention, of the bulge printing board, left the town where he worked, Meinz, to the entire Western world, and created the biggest flow of information in history, and in fact caused most of the scientific and technological achievements that came later. The invention of the printing board will allow unprecedented distribution of musical pieces, and will encourage the tendency of making musicians successful professionals, that are more than servants performing their job, but artists who gain respect and are cherished all over the civilized world.

1492
Christopher Columbus believes he reached India, but in fact discovers America. He calls the local people "Indians", and his error stuck - this remains the name of native Americans, but he discovers the new continent that will offer, further on in history, the exciting challenges of democracy and equality to the whole world (and yes, Hollywood and cable television too...)
Jazz music from America will become part of the world's culture and Rock music would not be created without figures like Elvis Presley and his followers. Latin music and South American rhythms would influence many composers in the following centuries.


The Renaissance- Science and Technology
1517
Martin Luther fights in Germany against the "indulgences" (buying the pardoning from God for money) offered by the catholic clergy to believers, and clears the way for a new Christian church, The Protestant church - a competitor to the Church in Rome. And so, as a result of Luther's "miserliness" (or shall we call it economising?), the wealthiest and most successful religious group in the history of mankind was born.
Protestantism's influence on music is prominent. Most, in the shift from singing the service (the mass) in Latin to the vernacular language.

Find web info about Leonardo da Vinci and his music1519
When Italian Leonardo da Vinci died, history marked him as one of the greatest minds of all time, a genius, and the epitome of the term of "Renaissance Man". He was an excellent painter (one of the great masters of the High Renaissance), an architect, sculptor, engineer, and scientist. But Leonardo was also a remarkable musician, improviser (mostly accompanying himself on a lute of his own invention), and composer.


The Baroque - Science and Technology
1609
The first newspaper in history is published in the German city of Strassburg (nowadays France). It included no graphics or advertisements and would have been rather boring to the modern reader. Nevertheless, it was the first newspaper to be published in prefixed times and obligated its readers to provide information and opinions on a current basis.

1610
Galileo argues that earth and Jupiter are planets orbiting around the sun. The Christian Church considers that a serious violation of faith, stating that the universe orbits the earth and demands that he retracts. Galileo does so, fearing the priesthood and its inquisition, but the legend says that a moment before his death, he said "and yet, the earth moves...".

Inventions and discoveries in that period1656
Dutch astronomer Christian Huygens invents the pendulum clock, assisting the precise measurement of time for scientific and technological needs.
About 200 years later, Maelzel will register a patent on the metronome operating on the same principle, giving the player a steady pace.

1666
Newton discovers earth's gravity, thus revealing to the world what every child knows today - if you let go of an object, it will fall down (unless it's a balloon filled with a gas lighter than air, such as helium).

1674
A Dutch linen merchant (sheets, blankets and blanket covers), studies, in his spare time, the advantages of sanding down lenses. He finds out that this brings the magnification of objects looked upon through the lens. He develops the first microscope that allowed him to see microbes, for the first time in the history of mankind!
Unfortunately, the composer Jean-Baptiste Lully will not be able to benefit from this discovery, when 13 years later he would die of an infection of his foot caused by microbes. It will take years until the discovery of microbes allows protection to be effective enough against such infections.


The Classic Era - Science and Technology
1769
James Watt develops the steam engine, igniting a technological revolution that will change the world he knew. As a result of his invention, came the Industrial Revolution that moved millions of people from the country to