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Main Period: Romantic

Composers

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Bach


Beethoven


Liszt


Chopin

Wanderer above the sea of fog (c. 1818) Caspar David Friedrich, Kunsthalle, Hamburg

Free works
Musical works that are not written in a fixed form, and derived moastly in the composer's inner world and imagination. Most of these were written in the romantic era, in which form lost some of its importance to sound color, orchestration and harmony. Programme music, that described, through music, outside topics as stories, pictures or ideological notions, concentrated on description rather than the predefined structure and order.
There are also non-programme free pieces, such as the toccata (like the famous Toccata in D minorToccata & Fugue in Dm for organ BWV 565 - J.S. Bach by Bach), the fantasia, (like Beethoven's "Choral Fantasy" and many of Liszt's fantasias on themes from operas by Mozart, Verdi and Wagner), the prelude (Bach's preludes in "The Well-Tempered Clavier", and Chopin's many preludes), and more.





Examples of free works

listen
Toccata No. 3
by Frescobaldi
listen
Toccata and Fugue (not free) in Dm
by J.S. Bach
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